What causes a sore throat?

Most sore throats are characterized by inflammation of the pharynx (pharyngitis) caused by a viral infection (colds and flu). This irritation is usually the result of postnasal drip associated with a cold. Other reasons include infection resulting in inflammation (tonsillitis) or simple soreness due to breathing through the mouth (eg at night), and of course, smoking.

What happens with a sore throat?

Most people are subject to a sore throat at some time or another, and whilst it is common, it is usually uncomplicated. Sore throat is usually accompanied by with a light cough, painful swallow, red and inflamed throat, sometimes with green or yellow sputum associated with a cold. The soreness and discomfort on swallowing is associated with the postnasal drip.

Traditional Pharmacy

Your medical practitioner will differentiate viral infection from bacterial infection. The treatment of mild sore throat due to viral infection is directed at reducing pain and swelling. In most cases a simple over the counter remedy such as paracetamol will relieve the discomfort and lower temperature. Your pharmacist will advise you of a suitable preparation. If bacterial infection is suspected, your practitioner may prescribe antibiotics along with paracetamol. A period of rest is usually advised. If antibiotics are prescribed, ensure you complete the course (usually 7 - 10 days).

Natural Pharmacy

Gargling with salt water and drinking plenty of fluids, including herbal teas and fruit juices, may be helpful. A number of throat medications are available, including lozenges containing echinacea and marshmallow together with vitamin C and eucalyptus oil to accelerate healing and reduce discomfort quickly. Echinacea helps to stimulate the immune system accelerating healing. Marshmallow helps dry secretions and reduce swelling. Vitamin C may help reduce the duration of symptoms.

What else to do?

Gargle with salt and water as often as possible, which helps reduce pain and discomfort. There are also a number of commercial mouth gargles which may benefit. Consult your pharmacist.

Prevention and Cautions

• Cease smoking, which is a major irritant and a cause of sore throat.
• Avoid seasonal allergies which give rise to a sore throat.
• Stay away from dusty situations.
• Drink plenty of fluids.

Seek professional advice if

• Your symptoms concern you.
• You have a high temperature, extremely painful swallow, or blood in sputum.
• You have difficulty swallowing.
• You have swollen neck glands.

References

• The Merck Manual 17th Edition
• Encyclopaedia of Natural Medicine 2nd Edition